Sisebenzisa amakhukhi ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, njengokugcina ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwewebhusayithi ye-FT, ukwenza okuqukethwe kube ngokwakho nokukhangisa, ukuhlinzeka ngezici zenkundla yezokuxhumana, nokuhlaziya indlela iwebhusayithi yethu esetshenziswa ngayo.
Njengabaningi, uGary Sharkey ubelokhu elandela intuthuko yakamuva ekuhlaseleni kweRussia i-Ukraine.Kodwa izithakazelo zakhe azigcini kubantu ngabanye: Njengomqondisi wokuthenga e-Hovis, omunye wababhaki abakhulu e-UK, u-Sharkey unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthola yonke into kusukela kokusanhlamvu ukuze uthole isinkwa kuye. insimbi yemishini.
I-Russia ne-Ukraine zombili zingabathengisi ababalulekile bokusanhlamvu, futhi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yohwebo lukakolweni womhlaba phakathi kwabo.Ku-Hovis, ukukhuphuka kwentengo kakolweni okubangelwa ukuhlasela kanye nezijeziso ezalandela eRussia kwaba nemiphumela yezindleko ezibalulekile ebhizinisini layo.
"I-Ukraine neRussia - ukugeleza kokusanhlamvu okuvela oLwandle Olumnyama kubaluleke kakhulu ezimakethe zomhlaba," kusho u-Sharkey, njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuwo womabili la mazwe kuye kwayeka ngempumelelo.
Hhayi okusanhlamvu kuphela. USharkey uphinde waveza ukuthi amanani e-aluminium akhuphukayo. Izintengo zensimbi engasindi esetshenziswa kuyo yonke into kusukela ezimotweni kuya kubhiya namathini esinkwa asethubeni lokungena irekhodi eliphezulu elingaphezu kuka-$3,475 ithani - ngokwengxenye ebonisa iqiniso lokuthi iRussia iyizwe elihamba phambili. umthengisi wesibili ngobukhulu.
“Konke kumile.Kukhona ingozi yezombangazwe emikhiqizweni eminingi,” kusho isikhulu esineminyaka engu-55, siphawula ukuthi amanani kakolweni akhuphuke ngo-51% kule minyaka engu-12 edlule futhi amanani entengo kaphethiloli e-wholesale eYurophu akhuphuke cishe ngo-600%.
Ukuhlasela kwe-Ukraine kufake isithunzi embonini yezimpahla, njengoba kwenze kwaba nzima futhi ukuziba imigqa yamaphutha yezwe elihamba phakathi kwezimakethe eziningi ezibalulekile zezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Izingozi zezombangazwe ziyanda.Ukungqubuzana ngokwako kanye nezijeziso zaseRussia zidala umonakalo ezimakethe eziningi, ikakhulukazi ukolweni.Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zamandla kunemiphumela ebalulekile kwezinye izimakethe zempahla, okuhlanganisa nezindleko zikamanyolo osetshenziswa abalimi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadayisi bempahla kanye nabaphathi abathengayo bakhathazeka kakhulu mayelana nezindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa ezingase zisetshenziswe njengezikhali zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle—ikakhulukazi uma ukuthuthukiswa kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi entsha kuhlukanisa iRussia, futhi ngokunokwenzeka neChina, ne-United States. .Entshonalanga.
Esikhathini esiningi seminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule, imboni yezimpahla ibingesinye sezibonelo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, okudala ingcebo enkulu ezinkampanini ezihwebayo ezixhuma abathengi nabathengisi bezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Iphesenti lakho konke ukuthunyelwa kwe-neon kuphuma e-Russia nase-Ukraine.Amalambu e-neon awumkhiqizo wokukhiqiza insimbi futhi ayimpahla ebalulekile yokukhiqiza ama-chip.Ngesikhathi iRussia ingena empumalanga ye-Ukraine ngo-2014, intengo yezibani ze-neon yenyuka ngo-600%, okubangele. ukuphazamiseka kwemboni ye-semiconductor
Nakuba amaphrojekthi amaningi ngabanye ezindaweni ezifana nezimayini ahlala esongwe kwezombusazwe, imakethe ngokwayo yakhelwe phezu kwesifiso sokuvula ukuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke. Abaphathi bokuthenga abanjengoHovis' Sharkey bakhathazeka ngenani, ingasaphathwa eyokukwazi ukuthola umthombo izinto zokusetshenziswa abazidingayo.
Ukushintsha kombono embonini yezimpahla sekuneminyaka eyishumi kwenzeka. Njengoba ukungezwani phakathi kwe-US neChina kuya ngokushuba, ukubamba kweBeijing ekunikezeni umhlaba ongavamile - izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ezicini eziningi zokukhiqiza - kuphakamisa ukwesaba ukuthi ukunikezwa kwempahla eluhlaza. kungaba yisikhali sezombangazwe.
Kodwa kule minyaka emibili edlule, izehlakalo ezimbili ezihlukene zilethe ukugxila okwengeziwe. Umqedazwe we-Covid-19 ugqamise ubungozi bokuthembela enanini elincane lamazwe noma izinkampani, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu kokuthengwa kwempahla. , Ukuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine kuyisikhumbuzo sendlela amanye amazwe angaba nomthelela omkhulu ngayo ekuhlinzekweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngenxa yamasheya awo amakhulu ezimakethe ezimpahleni ezibalulekile.
I-Russia ayilona nje kuphela umphakeli omkhulu wegesi yemvelo eYurophu, kodwa futhi ilawula imakethe yezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa uwoyela, ukolweni, i-aluminium kanye ne-palladium.
"Impahla kade isetshenziswa izikhali...bekuhlale kungumbuzo wokuthi amazwe aqala nini," kusho uFrank Fannon, owayengumsizi kanobhala wezwe wezinsiza zamandla.
Ukusabela kwesikhashana kwezinye izinkampani kanye nohulumeni empini yase-Ukraine kube ukukhulisa uhlu lwempahla ebalulekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuye kwaphoqa imboni ukuthi icabangele amanye amaketanga okuhlinzeka ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana okungenzeka kwezomnotho nezezimali phakathi kweRussia. naseNtshonalanga.
“Ngokusobala umhlaba uzinaka kakhulu izindaba [zezombangazwe] kunaseminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15 edlule,” kusho uJean-Francois Lambert, owayengumabhange nomeluleki wezimpahla oweluleka izikhungo zezezimali nezinkampani ezihwebayo.Lambert) kusho.” Bese kukhulunywa ngokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.Imayelana namaketanga okunikezela asebenzayo.Manje abantu bakhathazekile, ingabe sinakho okuhlinzekwayo, siyakwazi ukufinyelela kukho? ”
Ukushaqeka kwemakethe ngabakhiqizi abalawula ingxenye enkulu yokukhiqizwa kwempahla ethile akukusha. Ukushaqeka kukawoyela ngeminyaka yawo-1970, lapho i-OPEC yokuvinjelwa kukawoyela ithumela amanani aluhlaza enyuka, kwaholela ekuntengantengeni kwemali kwabangenisa uwoyela kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhwebo luye lwanda kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi izimakethe zixhumene. Kodwa njengoba izinkampani nohulumeni befuna ukunciphisa izindleko ze-supply chain, baye bathembela kakhulu kubakhiqizi abathile bakho konke kusukela kokusanhlamvu kuya kuma-computer chips, okubashiya engozini yokuphazamiseka okungazelelwe. ukugeleza kwemikhiqizo.
I-Russia isebenzisa igesi yemvelo ukuze ithumele eYurophu, okwenza kube ngokoqobo ithemba lemithombo yemvelo esetshenziswa njengezikhali.I-Russia ibala cishe amaphesenti angu-40 okusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-EU.Nokho, ukuthunyelwa kweRussia okuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu kwehle ngo-20% kuya ku-25% okwesine. Ikota yonyaka odlule, ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency, ngemuva kokuthi inkampani yegesi esekelwa uhulumeni i-Gazprom yamukele isu lokuhlangabezana nezinkontileka zesikhathi eside kuphela.
Iphesenti elilodwa legesi yemvelo emhlabeni likhiqizwa eRussia.Ukuhlasela kwe-Ukraine kuyisikhumbuzo sendlela amanye amazwe anomthelela omkhulu ngayo ekuhlinzekweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa njengegesi yemvelo.
NgoJanuwari, inhloko ye-International Energy Agency, u-Fatih Birol, wasola ukukhuphuka kwentengo yegesi ngenxa yokugodla kweRussia igesi eYurophu.” Sikholelwa ukuthi kunokushuba kwesimo emakethe yegesi yaseYurophu ngenxa yokuziphatha kweRussia,” usho kanje.
Ngisho noma iGermany yamisa inqubo yokugunyazwa kwe-Nord Stream 2 ngesonto eledlule, i-tweet yowayengumongameli waseRussia kanye nesekela-mongameli u-Dmitry Medvedev yabonwa ngabanye njengosongo ekuthembeleni kwale ndawo kugesi waseRussia.”Siyakwamukela Ezweni Elisha Elinesibindi, lapho abantu baseYurophu ngokushesha bezokhokha ama-euro angu-2 000 ngegesi eyi-cubic mitha eyi-1 000!”Kusho uMedvedev.
"Inqobo nje uma ukunikezwa kusagxiliwe, kunezingozi ezingagwemeki," kusho uRandolph Bell, umqondisi wezamandla emhlabeni wonke e-Atlantic Council, ithangi lokucabanga ngobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe laseMelika.“Kuyacaca ukuthi [iRussia] isebenzisa igesi yemvelo njengethuluzi lezombangazwe.”
Kwabahlaziyi, unswinyo olungakaze lubonwe ebhange eliphakathi laseRussia - okuholele ekwehleni kwe-ruble futhi kwahambisana nezimemezelo zosopolitiki baseYurophu "ngempi yezomnotho" - kukhulise ubungozi bokuthi iRussia izogodla izimpahla ezithile.
Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukubusa kweRussia ezinsimbini ezithile namagesi asezingeni eliphezulu kungaba nomthelela kuwo wonke amaketanga okunikezela ngezinto eziningi.Ngesikhathi inkampani ye-aluminium i-Rusal ivinjwa izikhungo zezezimali kulandela unswinyo lwase-US ngo-2018, amanani enyuke ngengxenye yesithathu, adala umonakalo embonini yezimoto.
Iphesenti elilodwa le-palladium yomhlaba likhiqizwa eRussia.Abenzi bezimoto basebenzisa lesi sakhi samakhemikhali ukuze bakhiphe ukungcola okunobuthi entuthwini.
Izwe liphinde libe ngumkhiqizi omkhulu we-palladium, esetshenziswa abenzi bezimoto ukususa ukukhishwa okunobuthi ekukhishweni, kanye ne-platinum, ithusi ne-nickel yamabhethri emoto kagesi.I-Russia ne-Ukraine bangabahlinzeki abakhulu be-neon, igesi engenaphunga. i-byproduct of steelmaking kanye nempahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yokwenza ama-chipmaking.
Ngokusho kwenkampani yaseMelika yocwaningo i-Techcet, izibani ze-neon zitholwa futhi zicwengisiswe yizinkampani ezimbalwa ezikhethekile zase-Ukraine.Lapho iRussia ihlasela empumalanga ye-Ukraine ngo-2014, intengo yezibani ze-neon yenyuka ngamaphesenti angama-600 cishe ngobusuku obubodwa, yadala umonakalo embonini ye-semiconductor.
"Silindele ukungezwani kwezepolitiki kanye nengozi ekhona kuzo zonke izinto ezikhona ukuthi kuqhubeke isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine.I-Russia inomthelela omkhulu ezimakethe zezimpahla zomhlaba wonke, futhi ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo kunomthelela omkhulu, Ikakhulukazi ngokunyuka kwamanani, "kusho umhlaziyi we-JPMorgan uNatasha Kaneva.
Mhlawumbe omunye wemiphumela ekhathaza kakhulu yempi yase-Ukraine emananini okusanhlamvu nokudla.Ukungqubuzana kuza ngesikhathi lapho amanani okudla esevele ephezulu, umphumela wesivuno esibi emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Ukraine isenamasheya amakhulu atholakalayo ukuze athunyelwe kwamanye amazwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesivuno sangonyaka odlule, futhi ukuphazamiseka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kungase kube “nemiphumela emibi yokungavikeleki kokudla emazweni asevele entekenteke ancike ekudleni kwase-Ukraine,” kusho uCaitlin Welsh, umqondisi weSikhungo Sokuvikeleka Kokudla Komhlaba Wonke.Ithi.I-American think tank Strategy and International Studies.
Emazweni angu-14 lapho ukolweni wase-Ukraine ubaluleke kakhulu kwamanye amazwe, cishe isigamu sesivele sinenkinga yokungavikeleki kokudla okuqinile, okuhlanganisa iLebanon neYemen, ngokusho kwe-CSIS. Kodwa umthelela awugcini kulawa mazwe. kukhuphuka futhi kubeke engcupheni “yokuqhuba ukuntuleka kokudla kuphakeme.”
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba iMoscow ihlasele i-Ukraine, ukungezwani kwezepolitiki okuvela eYurophu kwase kungene emakethe yokudla yomhlaba wonke. Amanani kamanyolo amakhulu akhuphuka kakhulu ngonyaka owedlule ngemuva kokuthi i-European Union ibeke unswinyo ngokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu ngemuva kokuthi i-European Union imemezele izindlela zokuthekelisa ngaphandle komkhiqizi we-potash waseBelarus. njengeShayina neRussia, nawo abathengisi bakamanyolo abakhulu, ukuze bavikele impahla yasekhaya.
Ezinyangeni zokugcina zika-2021, ukushoda okukhulu kukamanyolo kuhlasele i-India yasemakhaya - izwe elithembele ekuthengeni phesheya cishe ngamaphesenti angama-40 ezakhi zalo ezibalulekile zezitshalo - okuholele emibhikishweni kanye nokungqubuzana namaphoyisa ezingxenyeni ezimaphakathi nezisenyakatho yezwe. U-Ganesh Nanote, umlimi e-Maharashtra, e-India, izitshalo zakhe zisukela kukotini kuye kokusanhlamvu, uvaleleke engxabanweni yokuthola umsoco wezitshalo ngaphambi kwenkathi yezitshalo zasebusika.
“I-DAP [i-diammonium phosphate] ne-potash iyashoda,” esho, enezela ukuthi izilimo zakhe zamatshwele, ubhanana no-anyanisi ziphazamisekile, nakuba ekwazile ukuthola ezinye izakhi ngamanani aphezulu.” Ukwenyuka kwentengo kamanyolo kuholela ekulahlekelweni.”
Abahlaziyi balindele ukuthi amanani e-phosphate ahlale ephezulu kuze kube i-China isusa umthetho wokuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe maphakathi nonyaka, kanti ukungezwani nge-Belarus mancane amathuba okuthi kudambe noma nini maduze.” Kunzima ukubona amaphrimiyamu [e-potash] ehla,” kusho uChris Lawson, umqondisi kamanyolo. I-CRU.
Abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi ithonya elikhulayo laseRussia ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union lingagcina lidale isimo lapho iMoscow ibambelele ngokuqinile emakethe yokusanhlamvu yomhlaba wonke - ikakhulukazi uma izuza amandla aphezulu e-Ukraine.I-Belarus manje isihambisana eduze neRussia, kuyilapho iMoscow. muva nje uthumele amasosha ukuyokweseka uhulumeni womunye umlimi omkhulu kakolweni, eKazakhstan. inqubomgomo yokucabanga.
Njengoba beqaphela ukukhathazeka okwandayo mayelana nokuqoqwa kwempahla etholakalayo, abanye ohulumeni nezinkampani bathatha izinyathelo zokuzama ukunciphisa umthelela ngokwakha uhlu lwempahla.Sikubonile lokhu kusukela esikhathini se-Covid.Wonke umuntu uyabona ukuthi i-supply chain esebenza kahle isebenza ngezikhathi ezifanele zomhlaba, ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, ”kusho uLambert.
I-Egypt, isibonelo, isiqoqe ukolweni futhi uhulumeni uthi unokwanele ukudla okuyisisekelo okuvela kwamanye amazwe kanye nesivuno sasekhaya okulindelekile ngoNovemba. imakethe” nokuthi i-Egypt ihlukanise ukuthengwa kwayo kukakolweni futhi ixoxa ngokuthenga ngothango namabhange okutshalwa kwezimali.
Uma ukugcinwa kuyimpendulo yesikhathi esifushane enkingeni, impendulo yesikhathi eside ingase iphinde ishumi leminyaka elidlule emhlabeni ongavamile, amaminerali asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kusukela kumaturbine omoya kuya ezimotweni zikagesi.
I-China ilawula cishe izingxenye ezine kwezinhlanu zomkhiqizo womhlaba wonke futhi yehlisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okulinganiselwe ngo-2010, ithumela amanani entengo ekhuphuka kanye nokuzimisela kwayo ukwenza imali ngokubusa kwayo kugqanyisiwe.” Inkinga ngeChina ukugcwala kwamandla e-supply chain enawo.Bakhombise [ukuzimisela] ukusebenzisa lokho kuqoqwa kwamandla ukuze bathole amandla ezepolitiki,” kusho uBell we-Atlantic Council.
Ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwabo emhlabeni ongavamile waseShayina, i-United States, iJapane ne-Australia bachithe iminyaka eyishumi edlule behlela izindlela zokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha. inkampani engavamile yezimayini zomhlaba kanye nokucubungula ezinze eCalifornia.
UMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US usekele amaphrojekthi ambalwa, okuhlanganisa iphrojekthi enkulu ye-Lynas e-Kalgoorlie, eNtshonalanga ye-Australia.Isifunda siyikhaya lezimayini eziningana ezintsha, enye yazo esekelwa uhulumeni wase-Australia.
Ohlelweni olungase lube khona lwephrojekthi ye-Yangibana eNtshonalanga ye-Australia, ethuthukiswe i-Hastings Technology Metals, abasebenzi bakha imigwaqo egandayiwe ezungeze i-Gascoyne Junction, igquma elingalodwa elinamatshe cishe elingamakhilomitha angama-25 entshonalanga yeNtaba i-Augustus., ngobukhulu obuphindwe kabili bentaba edume kakhulu i-Uluru, ngaphambili eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Ayers Rock.
Izisebenzi zokuqala kule ndawo zazimba imigwaqo futhi zimba amatshe amakhulu, okwenza umsebenzi wazo waba nzima nakakhulu.” Bakhala ngokuthi bahlasela ezansi kweNtaba i-Augustus,” kusho isikhulu sezimali sakwaHastings uMatthew Allen.Le nkampani ithole imali ebolekiwe engu-$140 million yokuxhasa uhulumeni wase-Australia ukuze ithuthukise imayini yaseYangibana, njengengxenye yephrojekthi yayo entsha ebalulekile.Isu Lezezimbiwa.
U-Hastings ulindele ukuthi, uma isisebenza ngokugcwele eminyakeni emibili, i-Yangibana izohlangabezana no-8% wesidingo somhlaba wonke se-neodymium ne-praseodymium, izimbiwa ezimbili zomhlaba eziyi-17 eziyivelakancane kanye namaminerali adingeka kakhulu. iminyaka ingase inyuse isibalo siye kwesithathu sokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi bezimboni.
Iphesenti elilodwa lomhlaba ongavamile emhlabeni likhiqizwa eShayina.Lawa amaminerali asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kusukela ezinjinini zomoya kuya ezimotweni zikagesi.I-US namanye amazwe azama ukuthuthukisa ezinye izinto
E-UK, u-Hovis' Sharkey uthe uthembele ekuxhumeni kwakhe isikhathi eside ekuvikeleni izimpahla.” Qiniseka ukuthi uphezulu ohlwini, yilapho kugqama khona ubudlelwano obuhle nabahlinzeki eminyakeni edlule,” esho. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka embalwa edlule, manje ususebenza namazinga ahlukene abahlinzeki ukuze uqinisekise ukuqhubeka kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kulo lonke ibhizinisi lethu.”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-29-2022