Insimbi ekhethekile, okungukuthi, insimbi ekhethekile, iwuhlobo lwensimbi olubaluleke kakhulu olusetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi zomnotho kazwelonke, njengemishini, izimoto, imboni yezempi, amakhemikhali, izinto zasendlini, imikhumbi, ezokuthutha, izitimela kanye nezimboni ezisafufusa.Insimbi ekhethekile iwuphawu olubalulekile lokulinganisa ukuthi izwe lingaba yindlu yamandla yensimbi.
Insimbi enenhloso ekhethekile ibhekisela kwezinye izingxenye ezisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile futhi ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zensimbi, njengezinto ezibonakalayo, zamakhemikhali, zemishini nezinye.
Izinsimbi zokusebenza ezikhethekile nazo ziyizinsimbi ezikhethekile ze-alloy zekhwalithi.Lezi zinsimbi zibhekisela ezinsimbi ezine-electromagnetic, optical, acoustic, thermal and electrochemical action kanye nemisebenzi.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engangeni ekushiseni, insimbi kagesi ye-silicon, insimbi ehlanzekile ye-elekthronikhi kanye nama-alloys anembayo ahlukahlukene (ama-alloys kazibuthe athambile, njengama-alloys kazibuthe, ama-elastic alloys, ama-alloys anwebekayo, ama-thermal double alloy, ama-alloys ukumelana, izinto zebhethri eziyinhloko, njll. .)..
Insimbi engagqwali iqanjwe ngokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuhle, futhi izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko eziyingxubevange yi-chromium ne-nickel.I-Chromium inokuqina okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali futhi ingakha ifilimu yokuhlanza eqinile futhi eqinile endaweni ene-oxidizing;ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kudlula u-11.7%, amandla e-electrode engxubevange angakhuliswa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ngempumelelo ukuqhubeka kwe-oxidation ye-alloy.I-Nickel iphinde ibe ngumsizi.Ukwengezwa kwe-nickel kunsimbi ye-chromium kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwengxubevange emithonjeni ye-non-oxidizing.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ne-nickel kungashintshi, ukuncipha kwekhabhoni ensimbi, kuba ngcono ukumelana nokugqwala.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali nakho kuhlobene nokufana kwesakhiwo se-matrix.Lapho kwakhiwa isisombululo esiqinile se-alloy, izinga lokugqwala kwensimbi ku-electrolyte lingancishiswa ngempumelelo.
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic iwuchungechunge lwe-chromium-nickel yensimbi engagqwali enesakhiwo esisodwa se-austenitic.Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukucutshungulwa kwengcindezi kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-welding, okungeyona i-magnetic, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengensimbi yokushisa ephansi kanye nensimbi yokushisa ephansi esebenza kumidiya egqwalayo.Insimbi engeyona-magnetic;insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic ngokuyinhloko iqukethe i-chromium, ebhekana noshintsho lwesigaba ngesikhathi sokushisisa nokupholisa, futhi iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa engagugi ezimbonini zomanyolo we-nitric acid kanye ne-nitrogen;insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni nokuqina okuhle.Kutholakala isakhiwo se-martensitic.Le nsimbi inokuqina okuhle kanye nokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye ezimelana nomthelela ezisebenza kumithombo yezindaba ebolayo;i-carbon ephezulu isetshenziselwa ukwenza iziphethu, ama-bearings, izindwani zokuhlinza, njll;inesakhiwo esixubene sezigaba ezimbili se-austenite ne-ferrite.Insimbi engagqwali ye-matrix iyinsimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex, enezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular.Phakathi kwazo, insimbi engu-00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni izinto zokushisa nokushisa uwoyela, umanyolo, iphepha, i-petroleum, amakhemikhali nezinye izimboni, kanti i-0Cr26Ni5Mo2 isetshenziswa ekwenzeni imishini yokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle;I-molybdenum, i-niobium, i-lead, ithusi nezinye izakhi esigabeni esiqinile zibenza Ngemva kokucisha nokwelashwa kokuguga, inamandla amakhulu nokuqina, futhi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza iziphethu, amawasha, ama-bellows, njll.
Insimbi kagesi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-silicon steel, iyingxube ye-iron-silicon kanambambili enekhabhoni engaphansi kuka-0.05%.Inezici zokulahlekelwa yinsimbi encane, amandla amancane okuphoqeleka, amandla kazibuthe aphezulu kanye namandla kazibuthe okungeniswa, futhi ingenye yezinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezithambile zikazibuthe (zokuba yizibuthe zesikhashana noma eziphindaphindiwe).Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukusebenza kwensimbi kagesi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo.I-silicon inethonya elikhulu ezintweni kazibuthe zensimbi kagesi.Lapho i-3.0% Si yengezwa ensimbi ehlanzekile, amandla kazibuthe akhuphuka izikhathi ezingu-1.6-2, ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis kuncishiswa ngo-40%, ukuphikiswa kukhuphuka izikhathi ezingu-4 (okunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy), kanye nenani eliphelele. ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi kuncishisiwe.Kuphindwe kabili, kodwa ubulukhuni namandla nakho kwanda Ngokuphawulekayo.Ngokuvamile okuqukethwe kwe-silicon akudluli ku-4.5%, ngaphandle kwalokho kunzima kakhulu futhi kunzima ukucutshungulwa.Ukuba khona kokungcola okuyingozi (N, C, S, O, njll.) kuzobangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-lattice yensimbi, ukwandisa ukucindezeleka, futhi kuvimbele inqubo ye-magnetization, ngakho okuqukethwe kokungcola kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile.
Insimbi ye-silicon isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zamandla kagesi njengamamotho, ama-transformer, izinto zikagesi, nezinsimbi zikagesi.Iningi ligoqeka libe ngamashidi angu-0.3, 0.35, 0.5, okuhlanganisa nokuginqika okushisayo nokubandayo.abandayo rolling
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-31-2022